Disinformation
It’s an election year, and disinformation is in the news once again.
The year started off with influence campaigns focused on both the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primaries – including robocalls featuring an AI-generated “audio deepfake” simulating President Biden’s voice. The goals were familiar: to smear an opponent for political gain, damage trust in our election system, and suppress voter participation. Disinformation campaigns like these are nothing new, but new tools have made it easier than ever to produce and distribute deceptive content.
Unfortunately, these escalating threats to our democracy come at a time when social media platforms have scaled back their content moderation programs, and aggressive legal and legislative pressure from politicians has put a chill on counter-disinformation research and coordination.
This moment calls for innovative approaches to tackling false information, and PEN America is ready to support journalists, policy makers, and communities across the country. We’re excited to share our plans for the Disinformation and Community Engagement program and invite you to get involved.
We believe that an empowered public and vibrant news ecosystem are the best means of countering disinformation’s pernicious effects. As newsrooms navigate the challenges presented by disinformation, PEN America has developed resources to help journalists detect, monitor, and report on disinformation and build greater trust with their communities. Check out Facts Forward: A Journalist’s Guide to Combating Disinformation.
Reports
Hard News: Journalists and the Threat of Disinformation
PEN America’s nationwide survey of more than 1,000 reporters and editors on how disinformation is disrupting the practice of journalism.
The Impact of Community-Based Digital Literacy Interventions on Disinformation Resilience
These findings highlight the importance of trust-building within communities of color, working with and through community and faith leaders, and supporting community and ethnic media in bolstering disinformation resilience.
Faking News: Fraudulent News and the Fight for Truth
Faking News rates the range of fact-checking, algorithmic, educational, and standards-based approaches being taken to counter the proliferation of fake news.
Truth on the Ballot: Fraudulent News, the Midterm Elections, and Prospects for 2020
Micro-targeting capabilities have weaponized disinformation, so that what might once have passed muster as simply a hard-edged campaign message in the public arena can now move with stealthy, laser-like efficiency to reach sub-segments of voters while remaining invisible to the wider public or opposing campaigns.
Losing the News: The Decimation of Local News and the Search for Solutions
Confronted with the scope and stakes of the problem, Losing the News ultimately calls for a radical rethinking of local journalism as a public good.
PEN America Resources
Trusted Messengers: How Community Engagement Journalism is Uniquely Positioned to Slow the Spread of Mis/Disinformation
Communicating During Contentious Times: Dos and Don’ts to Rise Above the Noise
Community Disinformation Action Hub
Media Literacy Toolkit
How to Talk to Friends and Family Who Share Misinformation
PEN America’s Guide for Combating Protest Disinformation
PEN America’s Guide on COVID-19 and Disinformation
How to Prevent the Spread of Disinformation About Russia’s War on Ukraine: A Tip Sheet
Five Ways Political Campaigns Can Combat Online Disinformation in 2020
The Reporters Guide to Covering the 2020 Election
Commentary
Understanding the Psychology of Disinformation
September 28, 2023Navigating Generative AI and the Threat of Disinformation
September 27, 2023Building Disinformation Resilience: How to Grow Audience Trust and Defend Against the Spread of False Information
September 27, 2023Stay In Touch!
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Additional Disinformation Resilience Tools
Images
- Tineye: To use Tineye, all you need to do is upload, paste, or enter an image URL. Tineye also allows you to sort the results from oldest to newest. However, TinEye only supports the following file formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, TIFF or WebP.
- Google Images: either upload an image or paste an image URL by clicking the camera icon. The results will show you links to sites Google thinks are most relevant, visually similar images, and pages that include matching images, where you should pay special attention to the date when a page was published.
- Know Your Meme: pretty self explanatory. A database of memes. Depending on the journo beat, they may want to familiarize themselves with this. When establishing a fact checking desk for an entire newsroom or training a journo whose beat is disinformation, knowledge of memes is good to have.
- Yandex: click the camera icon, to upload an image or paste an image URL. Results will show you similar images and sites where the image is displayed.
- InVID: InVID can help perform reverse searches for stills in video content. download the free plugin, which works with Chrome or Firefox. Once installed, you can click on the inVID icon on your browser and select “Open inVID.” There are many tabs and tutorials to explore, and Amnesty International’s Citizen Evidence Lab does a good job breaking them all down here. But a good place to start is to click on “analysis” and paste a YouTube, Facebook, or Twitter URL. Once you hit submit, the tool gives you useful metadata associated with the video, such as the upload time and number of likes and shares. It also breaks down social media video into thumbnails which you can then run a reverse image search on, using the tools at the bottom of the analysis page.
- RevEYE Revers Image Search: This is a great tool because it is a one-stop-shop that aggregates all the other reverse image tools. download the browser extension. Once downloaded, simply right click on an image and scroll down to “reverse image search” with the eyeball icon. Select “all search engines.”
Limitations
- Google and Yandex don’t order search results by date, so it can be difficult to find the earliest version.
- TinEye and Yandex require direct links to image files, so when searching for content embedded in Twitter posts, for instance, you must first open the actual image file itself in a separate window to get the URL the search engine can use.
- There is no easy reverse image search tool for a full video; you can only run a reverse image search on a screen grab or thumbnail from a video. InVID makes that process easy by breaking down social media video into thumbnails, but sometimes its analysis tool doesn’t work if the social media user has enabled certain privacy/sharing restrictions.
Fact Checking
- Pinpoint: A research tool for journalists
- Fact Check Explorer
- Pi yao ba: Chinese language fact check
- Viet Fact Check
- Fact Chequeado