In July 2017, Aïnouche, a cartoonist and contributor to publications including Charlie Hebdo and Tout Sur L’Algérie, was harassed by police. In November, he was laid off from Tout Sur L’Algérie and his cartoons removed following a crackdown by authorities. Living in France since 2020, Aïnouche was sentenced to 10 years in absentia in November 2022; an international warrant was issued against him by Algeria.