Dear Majority Leader Reid, Republican Leader McConnell, Chairmen Leahy and Feinstein, and Ranking Members Grassley and Chambliss,
As writers and artists, we join PEN American Center in urging Congress to act to end mass surveillance. We recognize the need for strong protections for U.S. national security, and acknowledge that such measures will sometimes entail difficult tradeoffs. However, the NSA’s shockingly broad and indiscriminate surveillance programs threaten our most cherished democratic ideals and violate our constitutional and international human rights to free expression and privacy. The Washington Post’s recent report that nine out of 10 individuals whose communications are being intercepted are not the intended targets of investigation underscores the total lack of proportionality of NSA mass surveillance, and the need for reform.
It has been more than a year since the public first learned of the vast scope of the NSA’s surveillance regime. Immediate reform is necessary to restore our historic and treasured balance between government protections and individual freedom.
Mass surveillance invades our private thoughts and lives, chilling speech and spreading fear and mistrust throughout a society. Mass surveillance is censorship: An October 2013 survey of U.S. PEN members, the majority of them writers, indicated that one in six are self-censoring—refraining from writing or speaking on particular topics—due to concerns over NSA surveillance. As over 500 of our fellow writers noted in an open letter published in the Guardian in December 2013, “In their thoughts and in their personal environments and communications, all humans have the right to remain unobserved and unmolested.” Writers and all citizens need privacy to explore controversial ideas, conceive challenges to conventional wisdom, and to enter into open dialogue with counterparts around the globe who may enlighten our worldview through their very different beliefs.
NSA mass surveillance poses a grave threat to the United States’ proud tradition as a champion of free expression. Congress must act now to protect our freedom to speak, think, write, and create freely—and in private.
Congress’ failure to enact meaningful surveillance reform this year will risk enshrining the NSA’s unchecked and overreaching programs as a permanent fixture that will jeopardize the free society we all treasure. We urge Congress to begin the process of reforming the NSA’s dragnet surveillance programs by enacting reform, through the USA FREEDOM Act or another legislative vehicle, that achieves the following four essential goals:
- Clearly and definitively ends bulk collection of all communications metadata;
- Creates an independent special advocate for the FISA Court to press for the protection of civil liberties during the Court’s proceedings;
- Ends dragnet collection of international communications, and respects the privacy rights of non-U.S. citizens; and
- Strengthens transparency provisions allowing private companies to disclose information about government orders received.
There is much more to be done, but enacting strong legislation on these four points would send a clear message that Congress recognizes the need for reform and is committed to ending mass surveillance. We call upon Congress to take immediate action to protect the rights of all to privacy and free expression.
Thank you for your consideration,
Peter Godwin, President, PEN American Center
Edward Albee
Anthony Appiah
John Ashbery
Paul Auster
Roz Chast
Don DeLillo
E.L. Doctorow
Ariel Dorfman
Dave Eggers
Jeffrey Eugenides
Nikki Giovanni
John Green
Daniel Handler (aka Lemony Snicket)
Siri Hustvedt
John Irving
Ha Jin
Tony Kushner
Rachel Kushner
Jonathan Lethem
John Lithgow
Maaza Mengiste
Francine Prose
Douglas Rushkoff
George Saunders
Wallace Shawn
Gary Shteyngart
Andrew Solomon
Eliot Weinberger